@MastersThesis{Vedovato:2016:AnEsDe,
author = "Vedovato, Laura Barbosa",
title = "An{\'a}lise espa{\c{c}}o-temporal do desacoplamento dos
padr{\~o}es de fogo e desmatamento na Amaz{\^o}nia",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2016",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2016-04-08",
keywords = "Amaz{\^o}nia, queimadas, fragmenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal,
d{\'e}ficit h{\'{\i}}drico, desmatamento, Amazon, fire, forest
fragmentation, water deficit, deforestation.",
abstract = "Em meados da {\'u}ltima d{\'e}cada as taxas de desmatamento na
Amaz{\^o}nia Legal entraram em decl{\'{\i}}nio. Diversos
fatores influenciaram este processo, tais como: (1) a
contribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o de interven{\c{c}}{\~o}es
pol{\'{\i}}ticas, (2) iniciativas de setores privados e (3)
condi{\c{c}}{\~o}es de mercado. No entanto, quando comparado
{\`a} ocorr{\^e}ncia de queimadas na regi{\~a}o, identificou-se
um aumento de 59\%, evidenciando um desacoplamento entre esses
processos. O presente trabalho visa entender os principais
mecanismos que promovem este atual desacoplamento observado entre
queimadas e desmatamento na Amaz{\^o}nia brasileira. Para isso,
foram testadas tr{\^e}s hip{\'o}teses n{\~a}o exclusivas que
afirmam que esse padr{\~a}o pode estar associado a (H1) um
aumento das {\'a}reas fragmentadas na floresta Amaz{\^o}nica,
(H2) um aumento da frequ{\^e}ncia de secas na regi{\~a}o e (H3)
aumento de florestas secund{\'a}rias e degradadas na regi{\~a}o.
Para tanto, foi mapeada e quantificada a fragmenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
da floresta Amaz{\^o}nica, e analisada as tend{\^e}ncias
temporais da ocorr{\^e}ncia dos focos de calor, taxas de
desmatamento, classes de fragmenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal, secundariza{\c{c}}{\~a}o
florestal e frequ{\^e}ncia das secas na Amaz{\^o}nia. Os
resultados da an{\'a}lise de fragmenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
considerando o par{\^a}metro de 120m, para o ano de 2014,
mostraram que 2.956.746 km\$^{2}\$ da Amaz{\^o}nia brasileira
constituem {\'a}reas cont{\'{\i}}nuas (classe Core). Contudo,
56.494km\$^{2}\$ , 119.057km\$^{2}\$, 10.228km\$^{2}\$ e
42.170km\$^{2}\$ encontram-se fragmentados dentro das
respectivas classes: Corredor, Borda, Ilha e
Perfura{\c{c}}{\~a}o. O resultado da an{\'a}lise de
correla{\c{c}}{\~a}o por pixel para a s{\'e}rie temporal de
2003 a 2014 indicou que a classe de fragmenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o
Corredor de 120m, apresentou a maior quantidade de c{\'e}lulas
significativas positivas (p< 0,1) correspondendo a 23,9\% (844
c{\'e}lulas) de todas as c{\'e}lulas analisadas, seguida pela
classe d{\'e}ficit h{\'{\i}}drico (22\% - 808 c{\'e}lulas) e
pela classe desmatamento (21,7\% - 718 c{\'e}lulas). Conclui-se,
portanto, que a fragmenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o da Amaz{\^o}nia,
especialmente a forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o de Corredores e eventos de
seca podem exacerbar o efeito direto do desmatamento sobre a
incid{\^e}ncia de queimadas em parte da Amaz{\^o}nia brasileira.
O entendimento dessas rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es {\'e} uma etapa
cr{\'{\i}}tica para subsidiar planos de mitiga{\c{c}}{\~a}o
dos impactos do fogo nesta regi{\~a}o. ABSTRACT: Since the middle
of the last decade, deforestation rates in the Amazon have
declined. This process was due to a number of factors such as: (1)
the contribution of policy interventions, (2) private sector
initiatives and (3) market conditions. However, the occurrence of
fires did not show the same pattern of decline as deforestation
rates, indicating a decoupling between these processes. Therefore,
this study aims to understand the main mechanisms that cause this
current decoupling observed between fires and deforestation in the
Brazilian Amazon. For this, three non-exclusive hypotheses were
tested stating that this pattern may be associated with (H1) an
increase in fragmented areas in the Amazon forest, (H2) an
increase in the frequency of droughts in the region and (H3) an
increase in secondary and degraded forests area in the region. For
testing these hypotheses the fragmentation of the Amazon forest
was mapped and quantified. Temporal trends in fragmentation was
then analyzed and subsequently correlated with the occurrence of
hot spots, rates of deforestation, fragmentation classes, forest
degradation, secondary forest and frequency of droughts in the
Amazon between 2003 and 2014. The results of the fragmentation
analysis considering the distance parameter of 120m showed that in
2014 2.956.746 Km\$^{2}\$ of the Brazilian Amazon encompass
continuous areas (core class). However, 56.494km\$^{2}\$,
119.057km\$^{2}\$, 10.228km\$^{2}\$ and 42.170km\$^{2}\$
were classified as fragmented within their respective classes:
corridor, edge, isle and perforation. The results of the
pixel-based correlation analysis indicated that the class
identified as fragmentation edge with 120m had the highest amount
of significantly positive cells (p <0.1) corresponding to 23.9\%
(844 cells) of all cells analyzed, followed by the class water
d{\'e}ficit (22\% - 808 cells) and deforestation class (21.7\%
-718 cells). This study demonstrated that fragmentation of the
Amazon, especially the formation of corridors combined with
drought events may exacerbate the direct effect of deforestation
on the incidence of fires in parts of the Brazilian Amazon.
Understanding these relationships is a critical step to support
plans for mitigation of fire impacts in this region.",
committee = "Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de
(presidente/orientador) and Arai, Eg{\'{\i}}dio (orientador) and
Ponzoni, Fl{\'a}vio Jorge and Kampel, Silvana Amaral and Barlow,
Jos",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Spatio-temporal analysis of the decoupling between fire and
deforestation in the Amazon",
language = "pt",
pages = "119",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LCQ9DB",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3LCQ9DB",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}